tobacco utilization and smoking in australia

tobacco utilization and smoking in australia

Introduction

 

Tobacco utilization is the main source of death and illness in Australia. Every year about 20 000 Australians bite the dust and more than 150 000 are hospitalized because of tobacco-related ailments (1). The monetary and social expenses of tobacco utilization in Australia are evaluated at $AU 12,736.2 million for every annum (2). In 2001, more or less 22% of Australian grown-ups were smokers (3). Australian males (24.3%) are more prone to smoke than Australian females (19.9%), with grown-up smoking rates rising in the 20–29-year age assemble (4). Youthful Australians are as yet taking up smoking at a perplexing rate, with 260 000 understudies matured 12–17 evaluated to be smokers (5). Around 33% of 17-year-old understudies smoke.

 

 

Why I choose this topic?

In 2003 more than 2.63 million DALYs (disability-adjusted-life-year) were lost due to disease and injury in Australia. The role of 14 risk factors, including six lifestyle behaviours (tobacco smoking, physical inactivity, alcohol consumption, low fruit and vegetable consumption, use of illicit drugs and unsafe sex), was considered. Together, these 14 risk factors accounted for 32.2% of the total burden of disease and injury. Tobacco was responsible for the greatest disease burden (7.8% of total). It was the cause of 15 551 deaths and the loss of 204 778 DALYs. It was responsible for 20.1% of the disease burden due to cancer, and 9.7% of the disease burden due to cardiovascular disease. And in my project I will take you for the visit and will explain you in detail about the topic.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Identified problem

Most people start smoking as teens. Those who have friends and/or parents who smoke are more likely to start smoking than those who don’t. Some teens say that they “just wanted to try it,” or they thought it was “cool” to smoke. The tobacco industry’s ads, price breaks, and other promotions for its products are a big influence in our society. The tobacco industry spends billions of dollars each year to create and market ads that show smoking as exciting, glamorous, and safe. Because of this people mostly teenagers are more likely to be attracted to be smokers and soon they became addicted. My research paper will show how people get effected with this and how can we identify the problem to solve it.

 

Research questions

Following are few questions, which I will cover in the Business Research Project.

• Is smoking tobacco really addictive?
• Why do people start smoking?
• How many people use tobacco?
• What in tobacco smoke is harmful?
• How does tobacco smoke affect the lungs?
• Does smoking tobacco affect your heart?
• How does smoking affect pregnant women and their babies?
• What are some of the short- and long-term effects of smoking tobacco?
• Is second hand (environmental) tobacco smoke dangerous?

 

Research methodologies and technique

Interview

The main purpose of the research is to gather the information; views, experience and motivation of individuals on specific topic and interview are the most common ways of data collection. Not everyone is been selected for the interview, as my topic is about smoking so the person I will select must be the person who smokes or who is involve in smoking or addicted. I will also interview all age group of people who are smoking and also interview the people who are suffering from many diseases because of smoking.

 

 

Survey

Smoking is a significant risk factor for a range of chronic diseases. It is important to monitor rates of smoking in the population to identify high-risk groups, and recognise patterns in smoking behaviour. My research will survey smokers according to age group, various kinds of diseases, and starting year of smokers.

 

Instrument and sampling

 

For this research paper, I am going to do sampling. And I will show how I will get data I need to test my hypothesis, what tools and devices will I use to make or record observations, how I will choose sample? And what degree of accuracy or level of confidence can I guarantee?

 

 

Data analysis

 

My research paper will collect the data from Australian health department in which it will contain the current information’s about tobacco utilizations and smoking. And also I will try to collect more data from my seniors and friends.

 

 

Conclusion

In my last past of my research paper, I will be concluding my research proposal by stating weather my initial hypothesis supported or rejected, what I find in this survey, what are the background assumptions and relevant literature, what will be my recommendation and at last but not least what suggestion can I make for further research topic?

 

HOLMES INSTITUTE

FACULTY OF HIGHER EDUCATION

HI6007 Assessment Three

Business Research Report Proposal: FINAL Research Proposal

Due Friday Week 12

 2500 words worth 20%

 

The FINAL research proposal will consist of the following NINE (9) items:

 

1. A business research topic.
   Strengthen and improve initial proposal.
2. A brief literature review of the research topic
   Produce 2 to 3 pages on background information on your research topic.
3. Research questions for the identified problem or opportunity
   Strengthen and improve initial proposal
4. Appropriate research methodologies and techniques to use for the research project
   Strengthen and improve initial proposal
5. A project plan using a Gantt Chart and clearly defined milestones (if in a group with clearly defined individual tasks, contributions and milestones)
   Use Microsoft Project or other software to produce the Gantt Chart.
   Your milestones for HI6008 are:
   Week 6: Literature Review due.
   Week 10: Data Collection and Analysis Report due.
   Week 14: Final Business Research (Capstone) Thesis due.
6. Description of the research process
   Strengthen and improve initial proposal
7. Description of data collection and analysis methods
   Strengthen and improve initial proposal
8. Description of expected research outcomes
   Strengthen and improve initial proposal
9. A completed Ethics Checklist.
   Complete and sign ethics checklist below and attach with FINAL research project proposal.

All students will need to pass the final research proposal submitted in week 12 to be able to start the capstone research proposal in HI6008 the following semester.

Submit hard copy of FINAL research report to Holmes by 4pm on Friday of Week 12.

 

ETHICS CHECKLIST FOR STUDENT RESEARCHERS

 

• This checklist is designed to alert you to your ethical obligations when you conduct research involving human subjects.
• These questions must be answered when a research project is proposed and before a research project is implemented.
• Attach the completed checklist to your final research proposal in week 12.

Student Name and ID: _______________________________________

Title of the Project: ______________________________________________________________________

Please circle your answers:

1)  Will the human subjects be informed of the nature of their involvement in the collection
of data and of features of the research that reasonably might be expected to influence
willingness to participate?                                                                                                              Yes  No

2)  Will the human subjects be told that they can discontinue their participation at any time?          Yes  No

3)  Will the human subjects in your study be aware that they are the targets of research?              Yes  No

4)  If the subjects are underage, will their guardians be asked to sign the consent form?            Yes  No N/A

5) Is the confidentiality of the human subject’s identity positively ensured?                                      Yes  No

6) In cases where there is a possibility that the human subject’s identity can be deduced by          Yes  No
someone other than the researcher, is the subject’s right to withdraw his/her data
respected?

7) Will the researcher fulfil all the promises made to the human subjects including providing         Yes  No
       the summary of the findings upon request?

8) Will all necessary measures be taken to protect the physical safety of                                        Yes  No
the human subjects from dangers such as faulty electrical equipment, poor
grounding, lack of oxygen, falls, traffic & industrial accidents, possibility
of hearing or vision loss etc.?

9) Will the human subject be debriefed (told the true nature of the study) after                                Yes  No
the data has been collected?

 

10) In cases in which the human subject is dissatisfied or a complaint about the researcher or     Yes  No
procedure, will the researcher explain to the human subject that he or she may express
this complaint to the Subject Coordinator?

11)  Does the study involve concealment from and/or deception of the human subject?                 Yes  No

12)  Will deception be used in order to obtain agreement to participate?                                          Yes  No

13)  Will the study involve human subjects who are legally or otherwise not in a position to
give their valid consent to participate such as children, prison inmates, mental patients?          Yes  No

14)  Will information on your human subjects be obtained from third parties?                                  Yes  No

15) Will any coercion be exerted upon subjects to participate?                                                         Yes  No

16) Will the study involve physical stress to the human subjects such as might                              Yes  No
result from heat, noise, electric shock, pain, sleep loss, deprivation of
food and drink, drugs, alcohol?

17) Will the study cause any mental discomfort to the human subjects such as fear,                     Yes  No
anxiety, loss of self-esteem, shame, guilt, embarrassment etc.?

18) Could publication of the research results possibly interfere with strict confidentiality?               Yes  No

19) Could publication of the research results possibly harm the human subject –
either directly or through identification with his/her membership group?                                      Yes  No
20) Are there other aspects of the study that may interfere with the protection of the                      Yes  No
well-being of the human subjects?

If you have selected NO for any of the questions 1 to 10 and/or you have selected YES for any of the questions 11 o 20, please provide comments to clarify your choice (use additional pages if necessary).

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Signature of the Student Researcher: ________________________________________________________

APPROVED: _______________________________________        Date: ___________________________
                        Signature of Subject Coordinator

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