Management and Organizations in a Global Environment

Management and Organizations in a Global Environment

1 HI 5005 Management and Organisations in a Global Environment SESSION 1 Holmes Institute: MBA Program Subject Overview “We see this subject as the key foundation to your graduate studies in management. The serious study of management in Australia dates from the immediate post-war period of rapid industrialization, though we trace its study back to Europe and USA in the early twentieth century” “The History of Management Thought” D.A. Wren, is more than a history; it may be a statement of the way management thought in any newly industrialized country is currently evolving Prof Peter Schmidt Dr Peter Schmidt How will I be assessed? STUDENT ASSESSMENT SUMMARY Assessment Due Date Weight 1. Research Paper 1 Report: Final day of first term Presentation: at 1st term lectures [Formative Assessment] 15% 10% 2. Research Paper 2 Report: Final day of the trimester Presentation: at 2nd term lectures [Formative Assessment] 15% 10% 3. Final Exam Examination Period [Summative Assessment] 50% Dr Peter Schmidt Student Learning Outcomes: Subject Objectives Knowledge Graduates will be able to, integrate theoretical and practical knowledge of Management and Organisations Assessment 1, 2 and 3 Skills Graduates will be able to, analyse complex problems relating to Management and Organisations and develop confidence in working with others to develop strategic options within rapidly changing business environments Assessment 2 What follows is a statement of where you should be at the end of this subject. How do we know whether you got there? Each of the Student Learning Outcomes (SLOs) is assessed. The Assessment Scheme defines three assessments and these assessments are linked to the SLOs which the way we measure whether you achieved the SLO. The STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOMES are in three categories: Knowledge, Skills and Application of Knowledge and Skills The SLOs define where you should be at the end of this subject. 2 Prof Peter Schmidt Student Learning Outcomes (continued) Graduates will be able to, apply theoretical and practical knowledge of Management and Organisations in the diagnosis of organisational issues and the formulation of appropriate strategies. Consider social and psychological factors that influence the management of groups and individuals in work settings, such as communication, leadership, decision-making, power, politics, and job design and apply these to strategic management Articulate the impact of globalisation for countries and their populations at different stages of development Contextualise the changing roles and responsibilities of business towards stakeholders, and the sustainability of production systems and economic paradigms and synthesize change management processes Implement systems for managing diversity in a global operational setting Application of Knowledge and Skills Assessment 2 Assessment 3 Assessment 3 Assessment 2 Assessment 2 Prof Peter Schmidt Student Learning Outcomes (continued) Application of Knowledge and Skills (continued) Describe operational processes in both manufacturing and service industries, taking into account quantitative and technological aspects of operations management, systems, supply chain and quality considerations Interpret and communicate issues in management and organizations in a global context within an organisation to develop innovative approaches for their integration in management strategies Research and apply various leadership theories, the practice of leadership and motivational techniques as factors of organisational management and change Develop a critical awareness of the policy tools used by governments and central banks in their efforts to manage the economy including: fiscal policy, monetary policy, exchange-rate and trade policies, as well as supply-side policies Discuss current research associated with the consequences of global economic integration and its influences on business management and strategic development Assessment 3 Assessment 3 Assessment 2 Assessment 3 Assessment 2 Dr Peter Schmidt How will I be assessed? STUDENT ASSESSMENT SUMMARY Assessment Due Date Weight 1. Research Paper 1 Report: Final day of first term Presentation: at 1st term lectures [Formative Assessment] 15% 10% 2. Research Paper 2 Report: Final day of the trimester Presentation: at 2nd term lectures [Formative Assessment] 15% 10% 3. Final Exam Examination Period [Summative Assessment] 50% Dr Peter Schmidt Lecture/Assessment Schedule Week Topic Assessment Schedule 1 Foundations of the Study of Management and Organisations 2 The Nature of Globalization: National Culture 3 Organizational Culture and Management 4 Organizational Structures and Design 5 Decision Making and Planning 6 Decision Making (continued) H A L F W A Y M A R K 3 Week 1: Foundations of the Study of Management and Organisations Refer Wren, D. (2005)The History of Management Thought, 5th ed., John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ Dr Peter Schmidt After reading and discussing this material, you should be able to: 1. Discuss management’s relationship to other academic fields of study. 2. Explain the value of studying management history. 3. Identify some major pre-20th century contributions to management. 4. Summarise the contributions of the scientific management advocates. 5. Describe the contributions of the general administrative theorists. 6. Summarise the quantitative approach to management. 7. Describe the contributions of early organisational behaviour advocates. 8. Explain the importance of the Hawthorne studies had in the study of management. 9. Summarise the process, systems and contingency approaches. 10. Describe the following trends that are affecting management practices: globalisation, workforce diversity, entrepreneurship, e-business, need for innovation and flexibility, quality management, learning organisations and knowledge management, and workplace spirituality Foundations of the Study of Management and Organisations Dr Peter Schmidt Academic Disciplines that impact the study of Management: Anthropology – study of societies, cultures and social environments Economics – concern about the allocation and distribution of scarce resources Philosophy examines the nature of things, especially values and ethics Political science study of behaviour of individuals and groups within a political environment Psychology – seeks to measure, explain, and change human behaviour Sociology – studies people in relation to their fellow human beings Management’s connection to other academic fields Dr Peter Schmidt Example: How the Study of Management might learn from Anthropology study of societies, cultures, social environments A vast amount of ethnographic and archaeological evidence demonstrates that the sexual division of labour in which men hunt and women gather wild fruits and vegetables is an extremely common phenomenon among hunter-gatherers worldwide, but there are a number of documented exceptions to this general pattern One such study states: “About 85% of Philippine Aeta women hunt, and they hunt the same quarry as men. Aeta women hunt in groups and with dogs, and have a 31% success rate as opposed to 17% for men. Their rates are even better when they combine forces with men: mixed hunting groups have a full 41% success rate among the Aeta.” Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunter-gatherer 4 Dr Peter Schmidt Hunter gatherer brains make men and women see things differently Men and women see things differently because of ancient hunter-gatherer programming in their brains, research suggests Dr Peter Schmidt Example: How the Study of Management might learn from Anthropology study of societies, cultures, social environments  In our modern society do we have ‘hunter gatherers’?  Are the hunter jobs allocated to men and the gatherer jobs to women?  Might there be some value in workplace gender diversity?  Do we have ‘camp followers’?  Can modern managers learn anything from studies of ‘hunter gatherers’ and ‘camp followers’? Dr Peter Schmidt Straws and Connectors® Dr Peter Schmidt Making Wheels  You are in a team of 4-6 persons competing with several other similar teams  Using Straws and Connectors your team will be building wheels  The winning team is the one that builds the most wheels during a series of timed five minute construction periods  For a wheel to count in your total, it must meet quality standards 5 Dr Peter Schmidt Some Discussion Questions for Managers What Principles are here? You are to manage a project team of 4-6 persons and the task requires both mental effort and physical effort of various kinds. 1. Would you attempt to break down the total work into component tasks and allocate task assignments based on specialties? 2. If there was a way of using a machine instead of human labour to perform some of the physical tasks, would that be a good idea? 3. If this project was to be a repetitive one, you might want to analyse the way in which humans are actually doing each task in order to make it more efficient e.g. eliminate unnecessary movements, re-arrange the work place to reduce reaching distance etc 4. If you were a parent with twelve children, you might want to organised your kids along the same efficiency lines? 5. If there was a way of using a machine instead of human mental effort to perform some of the mental tasks, would that be a good idea? Dr Peter Schmidt Some Discussion Questions for Managers What Principles are here? You are to manage a project team of 4-6 persons and the task requires both mental effort and physical effort of various kinds. 1. Would you attempt to break down the total work into component tasks and allocate task assignments based on specialties? 2. If there was a way of using a machine instead of human labour to perform some of the physical tasks, would that be a good idea? 3. If this project was to be a repetitive one, you might want to analyse the way in which humans are actually doing each task in order to make it more efficient e.g. eliminate unnecessary movements, re-arrange the work place to reduce reaching distance etc 4. If you were a parent with twelve children, you might want to organised your kids along the same efficiency lines? 5. If there was a way of using a machine instead of human mental effort to perform some of the mental tasks, would that be a good idea? Dr Peter Schmidt Back to the Straws and Connectors® Exercise De-Brief Concept Controversy  Principle: Division of Labour Adam Smith  But…..How does that fit with our modern principle of: Multi-skilling? If your answered “Yes to Question 1 Dr Peter Schmidt Development of Major Management Theories © Copyright 2003Pearson Education Australia 20 Historical Background Scientific Management General Administrative Theorists Quantitative Approach Management Theories Industrial Revolution Adam Smith Early Advocates Hawthorne Studies Organizational Behavior Early Examples of Management Human relations movement Behavioural science theorists 6 Dr Peter Schmidt Development of Major Management Theories Historical Background Management Theories Industrial Revolution Adam Smith Early Examples of Management 21 Egypt: 1759 BC devised the role of the Visor DIRECTOR, ORGANIZER, COORDINATOR, DECISION-MAKER also, “the Rule of Ten” we now call “Span of Control” China 500 BC Sun Tsu: Importance of Planning China 1 AD: Confucius: Meritocracy, Specialization, Division of Labour India 300 BC: Chanakya Kautilya used Interviews and Referees when hiring staff Adam Smith (1723-90), Wealth of Nations: Division of Labour both functional and dysfunctional aspects Refer: Wren, D. (2005) The History of Management Thought, 5th ed., John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ Dr Peter Schmidt Some Discussion Questions for Managers What Principles are here? You are to manage a project team of 4-6 persons and the task requires both mental effort and physical effort of various kinds. 1. Would you attempt to break down the total work into component tasks and allocate task assignments based on specialties? 2. If there was a way of using a machine instead of human labour to perform some of the physical tasks, would that be a good idea? 3. If this project was to be a repetitive one, you might want to analyse the way in which humans are actually doing each task in order to make it more efficient e.g. eliminate unnecessary movements, re-arrange the work place to reduce reaching distance etc 4. If you were a parent with twelve children, you might want to organised your kids along the same efficiency lines? 5. If there was a way of using a machine instead of human mental effort to perform some of the mental tasks, would that be a good idea? Dr Peter Schmidt The Scientific Management School Frederick Taylor: Principles of Scientific Management (1911) Definition: The use of the scientific method is to define the “one best way” for a job to be done Dr Peter Schmidt The Scientific Management School Frederick Taylor- applied his Principles of Scientific Management to Bethlehem Steel with the willing, strapping, Schmidt :  Taylor would have said don’t ask Schmidt to figure out a better way to shovel coal – that’s the job of the manager. Schmidt only needs to do as he is told  Taylor analysed Schmidt’s shovelling methods and measured 12.5 tons/day  Taylor used scientific method is to define the “one best way” to shovel coal  Schmidt’s achieved a three-fold rise in productivity to 48 tons/day  A spectacular success for Scientific Management! 7 Dr Peter Schmidt Scientific management 1. Develop a science for each element of work. 4. Equal division of responsibility between workers and management. 3. Cooperation between workers and management on proper task completion. 2. Select, train, teach, and develop workers. Frederick Taylor’s Four Principles of Management Dr Peter Schmidt Some Discussion Questions for Managers What Principles are here? You are to manage a project team of 4-6 persons and the task requires both mental effort and physical effort of various kinds. 1. Would you attempt to break down the total work into component tasks and allocate task assignments based on specialties? 2. If there was a way of using a machine instead of human labour to perform some of the physical tasks, would that be a good idea? 3. If this project was to be a repetitive one, you might want to analyse the way in which humans are actually doing each task in order to make it more efficient e.g. eliminate unnecessary movements, re-arrange the work place to reduce reaching distance etc 4. If you were a parent with twelve children, you might want to organised your kids along the same efficiency lines? 5. If there was a way of using a machine instead of human mental effort to perform some of the mental tasks, would that be a good idea? Dr Peter Schmidt Scientific management Other prominent theorists:  Frank and Lillian Gilbreth “Cheaper by the Dozen” – time and motion studies Dr Peter Schmidt Scientific Management: Discredited? or Do we use any of it today? What methods do today’s managers use?  to help hire the best qualified worker for a job  to use as incentive systems based on output  to analyse work tasks to eliminate wasted motions 8 Dr Peter Schmidt Scientific Management: Discredited? or Do we use any of it today? What methods do today’s managers use?  to help hire the

 

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