DNA sequences

DNA sequences?

Of the following, which kingdom contains the most diversity in terms of DNA sequences?

A. Fungi

B. Animalia

C. Protista

D. All of these are approximately equivalently diverse.

E. Plantae

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5 points

Question 2

In bacteria, the cell wall is composed mainly of

A. peptidoglycans.

B. proteins.

C. various polysaccharides.

D. glycoproteins.

E. lipids.

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5 points

Question 3

All but one of the following are false regarding protists. Identify the true statement.

A. Protists do not have the ability to move on their own.

B. Protists are prokaryotic.

C. Protists have cell walls composed mainly of peptidoglycans.

D. All protists are single-celled organisms.

E. Most protists are single-celled organisms; some are multicellular.

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5 points

Question 4

Most bacteria are

A. microbial predators.

B. photoautotrophs.

C. symbionts.

D. chemoautotrophs.

E. heterotrophs.

.

5 points

Question 5

What term is used to indicate a characteristic that is shared and inherited from a common ancestor?

A.

derived trait

B.

analogous trait

C.

outgroups

D.

homologous trait

E.

cladistic trait

.

5 points

Question 6

Rickettsias belong to which major group of bacteria?

A. Archaea

B. viruses

C. proteobacteria

D. cyanobacteria

E. spirochetes

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5 points

Question 7

Oxygen built up in the atmosphere approximately 2 billion years ago and

A. could not have occurred without the oxygen coming from outer space.

B. occurred due to carbon dioxide being split by lightning strikes.

C. occurred because aerobic organisms required the oxygen.

D. destroyed ozone forming more oxygen.

E. helped to form the ozone layer that is so important to life today.

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5 points

Question 8

Endospores form

A. to produce two offspring from every one parental cell.

B. when the environmental conditions are favorable.

C. as a means of genetic recombination.

D. in response to adverse conditions.

E. during binary fission.

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5 points

Question 9

The Cambrian Explosion provided a wealth of fossil remains for scientists to uncover. Many of the animals from this time period had tough skins or shells. This would

A. be a disadvantage for these organisms and lead to their death and fossil formation.

B. allow the animals to move into different environments easily.

C. protect the animal from osmotic pressure.

D. make these animals more desirable to predators.

E. protect the animal from predators.

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5 points

Question 10

When taxonomists classify organisms using a phylogenetic approach, they are most concerned with

A. derived traits.

B. ancestral traits.

C. outgroups.

D. cladists.

E. ingroups.

.

5 points

Question 11

Which form of bacterial cells is rod shaped?

A. spirilla

B. bacilli

C. cocci

D. vibrios

E. rhodius

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5 points

Question 12

The endosymbiont hypothesis suggests that the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells are descended from captured

A. cyanobacteria.

B. chemoautotrophic bacteria.

C. archaebacteria.

D. eukaryotic algae.

E. aerobic bacteria.

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5 points

Question 13

Kelps are a form of what group of protists?

A. water molds

B. slime molds

C. dinoflagellates

D. ciliates

E. brown algae

.

5 points

Question 14

Prions are composed of

A. DNA, RNA, and protein.

B. DNA and protein.

C. protein.

D. RNA.

E. DNA.

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5 points

Question 15

What is the main difference between protists and bacteria?

A. Protists have a nucleus, bacteria do not

B. Protists cannot cause infections, bacteria can

C. Bacteria have DNA, protists do not.

D. Bacteria are always gram-negative, protists are gram-positive

E. Protists are unicellular, bacteria are multicellular.

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5 points

Question 16

During which geological era did Pangea break apart?

A. Cenozoic

B. Proterozoic

C. Archean

D. Mesozoic

E. Paleozoic

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5 points

Question 17

Paleontologists have found fossils dating back 3.6 billion years. These closely resemble

A. blue-green algae present today.

B. fungi.

C. small invertebrate animals.

D. today’s simplest plants.

E. nothing alive today.

.

5 points

Question 18

Atmospheric chemists think that Earth’s first atmosphere

A.

consisted of carbon in the form of carbon dioxide.

B.

consisted of carbon in the form of carbon monoxide.

C.

contained nitrogen in the form of ammonia and nitrogen gas.

D.

was very similar to today’s atmosphere.

E.

contained no oxygen atoms.

.

5 points

Question 19

Eukaryotic cells are thought to have

A. evolved before prokaryotic cells.

B. appeared about 2.1 billion years ago.

C. first appeared as parts of multicellular organisms.

D. first appeared with tough cell walls.

E. developed when mitochondria grew much larger in size that they had been previously.

.

5 points

Question 20

Some bacteria can form resting structures called ___________ that can withstand extremes in temperature, moisture, and radiation.

A. viroids

B. endospores

C. capsids

D. symbionts

E. prions

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